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The tropical island of Sri Lanka is a paradise for tourists, but in 2009 it became a hell for its Tamil minority, as decades of civil war between the Tamil Tiger guerrillas and the government reached its bloody climax. Caught in the crossfire were hundreds of thousands of schoolchildren, doctors, farmers, fishermen, nuns and other civilians. And the government ensured through a strict media blackout that the world was unaware of their suffering. Now, a UN enquiry has called for war-crimes investigations. Those crimes are recounted here to the wider world for the first time in sobering, shattering detail.
- Sales Rank: #833246 in eBooks
- Published on: 2012-10-04
- Released on: 2012-09-06
- Format: Kindle eBook
- Number of items: 1
Review
An extraordinary book. This dignified, just and unbearable account of the dark heart of Sri Lanka needs to be read by everyone who upholds human rights. As a Sri Lankan myself, knowing what I do about the war, I was very moved by Harrison's beautiful clear prose, her straightforward retelling of the complex situation there, and her refusal to compromise the evidence. Every member of the UN Security Council should be sent a copy of this book - Roma Tearne, author, Mosquito
Very important, and very timely... makes the full horror of the last months of the war almost unbearably real - Sri Lanka Campaign for Peace and Justice
Harrison demonstrates journalism at its best - Helena Williams, Huffington Post
Harrison reclaims the human catastrophe from the statistics - Steve Crawshaw, Observer
Gripping and deeply disturbing - Ellen Otzen, Alert Net
A heart-breaking read... [This] reminds us of the need to remember this tortured corner of modern history - Emanuel Stoakes, Huffington Post
Powerful - James Crabtree, Financial Times
About the Author
FRANCES HARRISON was educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, and at SOAS and Imperial College in London. For many years she worked as a foreign correspondent for the BBC posted in South Asia, South East Asia and Iran. From 2000-4 she was the resident BBC Correspondent in Sri Lanka. She has worked at Amnesty International as Head of News and while writing this book was a visiting research fellow at Oxford University.
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
That afternoon was pregnant with malice, the weather oppressive and
sultry. A tropical storm hung in the air, waiting to explode above the
tiny strip of golden beach at the north-eastern corner of the island of
Sri Lanka. It was 18 May 2009. Four Catholic priests in grubby white
robes with black sashes had just come out of bunkers. They carried a
white flag and held their hands in the air. Terrified, they knelt on the
hot sand. They were surrounded by dozens of emaciated children in
ragged T-shirts: orphans in their care, some of them in blood-soaked
bandages. All were pleading for their lives with the Sri Lankan soldiers
who had their guns trained on them from across the beach.
In the background, a plume of grey smoke billowed from vehicles
set ablaze by the shells that had rained down. Even the palm trees
on the beach that had so recently been a tropical paradise had been
decapitated by the ferocious battles of the previous weeks. Now blackened
stumps replaced foliage. Strewn on the ground were people’s
last belongings – a shoe, a water bottle, a piece of clothing; dotted
around the bloated corpses that lay sprawled out in the open. The
stench of decomposing flesh and burning tyres hung in the air, mixed
with cordite, sweat and the tang of human fear.
The gunfire had been relentless. For days the Tamil priests and the
children – some as young as six – had been waiting for a lull in the
fighting so that they could surrender. The landscape was dotted with
trenches reinforced with sandbags. Injured fighters and civilians were
all trapped together in this, the final killing field, just a few hundred
square metres in size. One of the priests had a radio telephone and used
it to call a brigadier-general in the Sri Lankan Army, who advised them
to raise a white flag when the soldiers approached. Twice the priests
had tried to come out, but each time they’d been shot at and forced to
crawl back into the bunker on their hands and knees. The day before,
one man had been killed while trying to defecate.
The priests knew that the war was over, and that if they didn’t surrender
soon they’d be taken for rebels. All night they had heard the cries
for help as the soldiers threw grenades into bunkers. The mopping-up
operation was under way at the end of five months of unprecedented
carnage. Miraculously, the priests and the children had survived.
More than a dozen Sri Lankan soldiers stood in full combat gear,
rifles and heavy machine guns pointed at the group, ammunition belts
strung across their shoulders. They’d masked their faces with black
cloths to hide their identities, making them look even more like executioners.
Young recruits from the south of the island, they were frenzied
with fear after seeing so many of their comrades killed. For the last
three days they’d faced waves of rebel suicide fighters making a futile
last stand. Now they wouldn’t think twice about shooting at anything
that moved.
‘The soldiers were like animals, they were not normal. They wanted
to kill everything. They looked as if they hadn’t eaten or slept for days.
They were crazed with blood lust,’ said one of the priests later.
‘We are going to kill you,’ the soldiers shouted in their language,
Sinhala. ‘We have orders to shoot everyone.’ The tense stand-off lasted
about an hour, with the kneeling priests begging to be spared in broken
Sinhala. They told the soldiers that they’d already been in touch with
the brigadier-general at army headquarters, who’d promised to send
help. They implored them to use the telephone to check their story.
The soldiers were so frightened they made a priest dial the number
and then put the handset on the ground in the space between them,
fearing it might be booby-trapped.
Ordered by their superior officers to accept the surrender, the
soldiers instructed the group to cross over one by one; they began to
strip-search them, including the clerics, even removing bandages to
check underneath. One young boy had a dressing on his lower back
and the soldiers pulled it off and stuck their fingers in the wound. They
punched a priest in the chest for no apparent reason.
Then it was time to leave. After so many weeks of starvation, nobody
had the energy to carry the injured. One badly wounded female rebel
in a nearby bunker was too weak to be picked up. She told the priests
to leave her and help the others who could walk. As they left, a Tamil
in the group glanced back and saw a soldier pointing a rifle at the
girl’s forehead. Terrified, he turned around before he heard the shot
ring out. They made a long march up the coastal road to an army camp,
traversing a living hell, their bare feet stained with human blood.
Around them fires were still burning, and limbless, decomposing
corpses lay under vehicles or alongside bunkers. A priest said he personally
saw thousands of dead on that journey, most of them civilians, not
fighters.
‘We have killed all your leaders and you are our slaves,’ jeered one of
the soldiers guarding the group, using broken Tamil so they’d all understand.
As they trudged on, some fainted with exhaustion, including the
priest who’d been punched. The people with him insisted he be given
medical treatment. ‘Many people have died. Why are you crying for
one father? Let him die,’ the soldiers said.
At one point a senior army officer came and the people got down
on their knees to plead for the priest’s life. By the time a medic attached
a saline drip, the priest had already died. He was not alone. As the
survivors were driven out of the war zone later that night they saw
hundreds of naked male and female bodies lined up on the ground,
illuminated by lights powered by generators. The victorious soldiers
were using their mobile phones to take trophy photos of the dead
rebels – some of the disturbing images that soon appeared all over the
Internet. It was the digital era’s equivalent of a triumphant swordsman
putting his foot on the chest of a vanquished enemy.
Three hundred kilometres to the south, on the winning side, people
had been dancing in the streets of the capital, Colombo. There was an
eruption of joy, with car horns honking, firecrackers exploding and
bystanders waving yellow Sri Lankan flags depicting a lion carrying
a sword. After decades, the civil war was over. It was a victory few
military analysts had thought possible.
State television had interrupted programming that day to announce
that the rebel leader, Velupillai Prabhakaran, had been killed. They
broadcast pictures of his bloated corpse lying on the ground in the
jungle, the dead eyes staring and a handkerchief covering a bloody gash
in his head. Nothing more clearly marked the end of the war than the
corpse of the Tamil Tiger leader who had once been worshipped like
a god by his diehard supporters.
At his peak he’d controlled a quarter of the island, commanding
an army of thousands of devoted Tamil men and women who wore
cyanide capsules around their necks to avoid being captured alive. They
took up arms to fight for a Tamil homeland because they no longer
felt safe living with the majority Sinhalese community on the crowded
island; Tamils had been burned alive in the streets of the capital. They
faced discrimination in employment and education and had become
convinced that they would never be given a fair deal in Sri Lankan
society.
From a band of a few angry young men, the Tamil Tigers developed
into one of the world’s most brutal insurgent groups, and one of its
best-equipped, with tanks, artillery, naval and air wings, and spies and
sleeper suicide bombers planted all over the island. They purchased
arms in the black markets of Asia and Africa, operating legitimate shipping
businesses to move weapons and raising at least £126 million a year in contributions from the Tamil diaspora.
When I first visited the Tigers in 2002 as the BBC correspondent in Sri Lanka, they ran a de facto
state for Tamils in the north-east, with their own courts, police, banks and border controls.
Predominately Hindu and Christian, Tamils were the majority in
the north, but the Sinhalese, who are Buddhist and Christian, formed
a majority in the rest of the tiny island of twenty million people. Sri
Lankan Tamil links to the sixty million fellow-Tamils who live just
across the water in the southern tip of the Indian mainland made
the Sinhalese insecure. ‘A majority with a minority complex’ is how
many have described them. Initially it was India, then the diaspora
populations in Canada, Europe and Australia, that funded and equipped
the separatist cause.
The rebels succeeded because they were ruthless – willing to
obliterate any challengers, even from their own side, and kill innocent
Sinhalese civilians. Tigers drove suicide trucks packed with
explosives into the heart of the capital, murdering presidents, prime ministers,
ministers, MPs, office workers, and anyone who got in the
way, with chilling efficiency. ...
Most helpful customer reviews
10 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
Tales from a War Without Witnesses
By Ana Pararajasingham
The book provides an illuminating account of the final five months of the battle between Sri Lanka's military and the Tamil Tigers based on accounts provided by survivors in a war without witnesses. It is pointed out that the absence of witnesses was an important part of the Sri Lankan Government's strategy as aid workers and international journalists were ordered out of the war zone.
The harrowing details of the final days are told through multiple voices focusing on the experience of individuals under chapters titled: The Journalist, The Spokesperson, The Doctor, The Nun , The Teacher, The Rebel Mother, The Volunteer, The Fighter, The Shopkeeper and The wife.
It opens with an aid worker accusing the Sri Lankan Government of slaughter after expelling the UN from the war zone. The tales narrated by the traumatized survivors makes it clear that the slaughter of the civilians was not just collateral but a deliberate part of a wider strategy. Tamil civilians appear to have soon realized that they were being lured into safe zones (mostly hospitals) only to be targeted. Included is a `private' account provided to Harrison by a UN official confirming that the government had declared safe zones only to gather civilians in one place to kill as many as possible. Harrison calls it a slaughter on "an apocalyptic scale".
Harrison is hard on the Tamil Tigers who in the last desperate days had begun forced conscription and restraining civilians from leaving. And these were civilians who had retreated along with the Tigers until defeat had become obvious.
The book also deals with treatment of the survivors after the Tamil Tigers were vanquished. The case of Manimoli ("The Wife") who was subject to multiple rapes by Sri Lankan Policemen prompts Harrison to suggest that rape of Tamil women in custody continues with impunity and that it was generally understood in the Tamil community that Tamil women in custody were often raped. Harrison cites an observation by senator Hillary Clinton, US Secretary of State in late 2009 that Sri Lanka was a country where rape had been used a tactic of war and raises the matter of Sri Lankan officials using Tamil women from refugee camps to running prostitution rackets. She refers Sri Lanka's Defence Secretary making light of rape by pointing to an attractive British Tamil woman who had not been raped. The fate of female combatants held in captivity is questioned and attention drawn to the extraordinary fact (in comparison to other conflicts) that there have never been any allegations of rape levelled against the Tamil rebels. The latter is attributed to the Tamil Tigers' avowed feminist ideology.
Harrison admits she cannot prove every single detail of the accounts given to her. She points out that the patterns of the stories match each other and support the findings of a UN advisory Panel . (In 2011, a UN Advisory Panel found there was credible evidence of war crimes in the last stages of the conflict).
Still Counting the Dead is confined to the narratives of the survivors. It quite deliberately avoids the politics that underpinned the violence unleashed against the Tamils. This is not necessarily a shortcoming as this apparent omission is likely compel the intelligent and the interested to seek a deeper understanding of the conflict that was brought to an end only through the massacre of tens of thousands of Tamils by the Sri Lankan state.
The book is a necessary read for anyone who seeks an understanding of the horrendous manner in which the Sri Lankan Government ended the war.
8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
An eye witness account of Tamil Genocide
By Jacob Esau
This is a book on extreme human suffering, pain and torture. The last days of the 'final resolution' by the Sri Lankan Government saw barbaric cruelty inflicted by the military on its own citizens. More than 150,000 to 175, 000 Tamils were killed or simply, 'disappeared'.
Complicit in this were the UN and its coterie of self serving diplomats, the Indian Government and its band of reptilian foreign service officials who basically aided and abetted the massacre of the Tamils. It is a poignant and personal account of life under carpet bombing, torture, rape and executions.
This book is filled with disturbing accounts and should be required reading by the legal profession to pursue war crimes cases against the Sri Lankan Government, its military and their commandants and possibly the Indian Government and the Indian Foreign Service for serving as military advisors and preventing ordinary non-combatant Tamil refugees from crossing over into India.
7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
Moving
By Outlier
This is a well researched and well written book by a person with intimate familiarity of the Tamil struggle in Sri Lanka. All chapters, apart from the beginning and the end, tells the story of an individual caught up in the final phase of the war in 2009. Perhaps for this reason, since there is a human face behind every story, I found the book particularly moving. The darker side of human nature rears its ugly head in each and every one of these stories. It is a must read for everyone.
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